Real vector spaces, subspaces, spanning sets, basis sets, dimension of a vector space. Solution of a system of linear equations. Row space and column space of a matrix, rank of a matrix, elementary row and column operations of a matrix. Inversion of square matrices, rank factorization of a matrix. Properties of determinant. Linear transformations, range and null space of a linear transformation, rank-nullity theorem. Matrix representation of a linear transformation. Inner product spaces, normed linear spaces, examples of different normed linear spaces, orthonormal basis sets. Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, characteristic polynomials. Spectral theorem for real symmetric matrices. Singular value decompositions.