Nirajan Kafle - Ashoka University

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Nirajan Kafle

Head of the Department and Associate Professor of Sanskrit, Ashoka University

Ph.D. Institute for Area Studies, Leiden

Nirajan Kafle is Associate Professor of Sanskrit at Ashoka University. He was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Naples “L’Orientale,”working on the ‘Sivadharma’ European Research Council project. After completing a D.Phil. from the University of Leiden, Nirajan held a post-doctoral research position in the NWO project ‘From Universe of Viṣṇu to Universe of Śiva’. Nirajan has worked with the NGMCP, Kathmandu and the EFEO, Pondicherry EFEO. He has also taught Sanskrit and other allied topics at the Universities of Loyola(New Orleans),  Leiden,  Lumbini and Kathmandu. He works on Lay Śaivism,  Purāṇas and the Mahābhārata, and his interests also cover Śaiva Tantra  and Vedic texts. 

His current research focuses on the text-based evaluation of religious, cultural, and philosophical exchange – principally between the Vaiṣṇava, Śaiva and Buddhist traditions of early mediæval South Asia, with specific emphasis on the religious and social milieu of the Kathmandu valley reflected in the Umāmāheśvarasaṃvāda and the Dharmaputrikā in their historical context.

  • Śaiva Rites of Fasting and the Gift of Cattle: A Study in Purāṇic and Tantric Appropriation. Studies on the History of Śaivism, 3. University of Napoli L’Orientale Press., 2025
  • Paṇḍitarājaśataka: An anthology of poems ascribed to Paṇḍitarāja Jagannātha New Edition and First English translation with Critical Introduction. Collection Indologie 163. Pondichéry: Institut Français De Pondichéry, École Française D’extrême-Orient, 2024.
  • ​A Śaiva Utopia: The Śivadharma’s Revision of Brahmanical Varṇāśramadharma. Studies on the History of Śaivism, 1. University of Napoli L’Orientale Press, 2021.
  • Niśvāsamukhatattvasaṃhitā: A Preface to the Earliest Surviving Śaiva Tantra (on non-Tantric Śaivism at the Dawn of the Mantramārga). Critical Edition, with In- troduction & Annotated Translation and an Appendix containing Śivadharmasaṅgraha 5–9. Collection Indologie 145, Early Tantra Series 6. Pondichéry/Hamburg: IFP/EFEO, Asien-Afrika-Institut, Universität Hamburg, 2020.
  • April–June 2026: Shivdasani Visiting Fellow at the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies, Oxford, UK.
  • January–March 2026: Visiting Scholar at Heidelberg University, Germany, as part of the Documenta Nepalica project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
  • 2024 (Dec)–2025 (Jan): Visiting Scholar at the University of Heidelberg, as part of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities project Documenta Nepalica, Germany.
  • 2019–2022: ERC grant for Postdoctoral Fellowship in the Śivadhrama project (No. 803624), University of Naples “L’Orientale”, Naples, Italy.
  • 2015–2019: Dutch Research Council (NWO) Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of Leiden, Netherlands.
  • 2014: Gonda Fund Postdoctoral Fellowship for research at IIAS, Leiden, Netherlands.
  • 2013: Visiting Scholarship, University of Kyōto, Japan.
  • 2011:  NGMCP & NRC Grant (Germany) for the Maṇicūḍajātaka Workshop (Nov. 1–18) in Pune, India.
  • 2009: Oxford grant for the Oxford First International Graduate Research Symposium, Oxford, UK.
  • 2008–2010: Full-time Research Scholarship in a Franco-German project, funded by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (France) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany).
  • 2005: Gold Medal, Nepal Sanskrit University, Nepal.
  • 2021 The Umāmaheśvarasaṃvāda of the Śivadharma and its network. In Śivadharmāmṛta. Essays on the Śivadharma and its Network Edited by Florinda de Simini and Csaba Kiss. University of Naples: UniorPress, pp. 233-254.
  • 2019 “The kṛṣṇāṣṭamīvrata in the Śivadharmaśāstra: A Comparative Edition and Study” Indo-Iranian Journal 62 (2019), pp. 340–383.
  • 2013 “The Liṅgodbhava myth in early Śaiva sources”. In: Puṣpikā: Tracing Ancient India Through Texts and Traditions. Vol. 1. Oxbow Books Press, Oxford, pp. 241–263.
  • May 2001:  On May 1, 2001, I was appointed as of the three editors of Nepalese Academic Magazine Aruṇodaya, published from Kathmandu.
  • 10/2001—12/2002    From October 2001 to December 2002 I worked as Cultural Columnist for a Nepalese National daily newspaper, Nayā Saḍak Dainik, published in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Advanced

Taught advanced students following courses

(1) the Kāvyādarśa by Daṇḍin, together with the Laghusiddhāntakaumudī by Varadarājācārya at the Rangjung Yeshe Institute (Kathmandu);

(2) The Bodhicaryāvatāra by Śāntideva at the Lumbini Buddhist University (Nepal);

(3) Śaṅkara’s commentary on Kaṭha, Taittirīya, Bṛhadāraṇyaka and the Chāndogyopaniṣads;

(4) Śaṅkara’s commentary on the Bhagavadgītā;

(5) Rāmānujācārya’s commentary on the same;

(6) Bhāruci’s Manuśāstravivaraṇa, a commentary on the Manusmṛti at Leiden; I taught

(7) an “Introduction to ‘Hinduism’ with special emphasis on the contrast between ascetic and non-ascetic traditions” at Loyola (New Orleans, USA); I also taught

(8) a course on “Interactions between Buddhism and Hinduism” based on primary literature at the Lumbini Buddhist University (Nepal).

Intermediate

Taught following texts for intermediate students

(1) Kāvya, i.e. the Kādambarīkathāsāra of Abhinanda, the Raghuvaṃśa of Kālidāsa;

(2) Śaiva Tantra (Niśvāsatattvasaṃhitā);

(3) Purāṇa (Viṣnupurāṇa);

(4) Upaniṣads (Kaṭha, Taittirīya and Bṛhadāraṇyaka);

(5) the Hitopadeśa as well as the ‘Nala and Damayantī story’ as given in Lanman’s Sanskrit-Reader at Leiden University (Netherlands); the Buddhacaritam by Aśvaghoṣa (Rangjung Yeshe Institute, Kathmandu); the Bodhicaryāvatāra by Śāntarakṣita (Lumbini Buddhist University, Nepal).

Beginner

Taught  ‘beginner-to-intermediary-courses’ at the Rangjung Yeshe Institute (Kathmandu), the other at EFEO (Pondichéry), and an “Introduction to Buddhism” based on a collection of secondary literature at the Lumbini Buddhist University (Nepal).

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