Are in-kind transfers associated with deadweight losses? To answer this question, we conducted an incentivized field experiment in India and offered low-income respondents the choice between a free quantity of rice and varying amounts of cash to elicit their willingness to pay for rice. Contrary to expectation, we find evidence of deadweight gain on average, though with a striking contrast between a deadweight loss among women from female-headed households and a deadweight gain among women from male-headed households. After investigating alternative mechanisms, our results highlight that greater bargaining power of
women within households increases the propensity to choose cash over rice.